The fly fisherman's objective is the same as the spinning fisherman, but both his lure (or bait) and tackle (rod, fishing line, reel, and more) are quite different than spinning fishing. The lure is made up of a hook dressed with tinsel and feathers (that may look like a real fly, insect, or other type of real live bait, but is actually an artificial imitation of any of these baits just listed). The tinsel is wound around the straight part of the hook, forming a shiny "body" that reflects light in imitation of a minnow's silvery scales. The "wing" of the fly is made up of two chicken feathers. These feathers have black centers with white edges, and are an impressionistic view of a minnow's black medial stripe. This is called a Streamer Fly, and it would take a couple dozen of them to equal the weight of the spin fisherman's balsa wood version.
A fly has virtually no weight, so it lacks the momentum necessary to draw line off of the front of the spinning reel. Even if you take a fly in your hand and heave it as far as you can, it will barely reach effective fishing distance. You can always hang the fly off the end of your spinning rod, as the primitive ancestors of ours did with their fishing tackle, but there are more efficient ways to present a fly.
The fly fisherman (or fisherwoman) relies on a weighted line to deliver his fly, rather than a long, level piece of nylon, like the spinning fisherman. This line may float or sink once it hits the water, but it has enough weight to deliver the fly over a hundred feet away (although the average cast is more like thirty feet, or much less than one hundred feet). The thick fly line is separated from the fly by a leader of tapered nylon monofilament, which is basically the same material the spin fisherman's entire fishing line is made of. The leader gives a flexible, almost invisible connection between the fly line and the fly.
Here's a description of a fly fisherman in action. He (or she) ties the fly to his leader, then pulls ten feet of fly line out beyond the tip of his (or her) fly rod. After this, he (or she) pulls thirty feet of fly line off the reel and holds it, coiled, in his left hand. Then with a quick back-and-forth flicking motion, using his right forearm and wrist, he moves the tip of the fly rod from straight out in front of him to just past the vertical. So when the fly line moves through the air, it looks like a tight, elongated arc. As the fly line moves in this tight, elongated arc, it eventually flattens out, parallel to the water, both behind and in front of the fisherman. The fisherman does this three or four times, not letting the fly or line hit the water, and releases some of the coiled fly line in his left hand every time he finishes a forward stroke of the flicking motion. When he (or she) finishes the fourth "false cast" as they are called, his fly, leader, and line settle gently to the water, forty feet away.
Then the Streamer, a type of wet fly, sinks slowly below the surface of the water, pulling the leader along. The fisherman (or fisherwoman) then begins to retrieve the line, moving the fly through the water instead of using his reel to retrieve the line, as the spin fisherman does, and then he (or she) hooks the fly line over the index finger of the hand that is holding the rod and pulls the fly line with his other hand. By doing this, each pull of the line makes the fly dart through the water like a minnow (a type of small fish). And then each length of line is carefully coiled in the fisherman's left hand, ready to be worked out on the next cast. When the fly is about ten feet from the boat (or shore), the fisherman (or woman) will start another cast, repeating this process again.
As described above, it looks like the fly fisherman has to go through a lot of effort to make one single cast. The spin fisherman (or fisherwoman) only has to flick the tip of his or her rod once to deliver the lure (or bait) to the water, while the fly fisherman has to move his or her rod a few times before his fly reaches an effective fishing distance. However, fly fishing has its advantages over spin fishing. One advantage is that if a fly fisherman suddenly sees a feeding fish, he or she can pick up the entire forty foot length of line, change the direction of his cast in midair, and lay it down right in front of the fish. On the other hand, a spin fisherman must reel in all his fishing line before he can even think about making a cast to another spot. And there are other advantages.
Fly fishing may be the most enjoyable way to fish for trout, but it is not always the most efficient. For instance, in early spring, when the water is cold, the trout are not inclined to move for a drifting fly. A worm put right in front of their noses is much more appealing.
The source for all of the above information is found in Chapter One of the Orvis Fly Fishing Guide, located at: Orvis Fly Fishing Guide Chapter One. You can also read other chapter excerpts from this Orvis Fly Fishing Guide at Orvis Fly Fishing Guide Chapter Excerpts.
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